What are the three primary functions of a septic tank?

The primary functions of a septic tank are centered around the treatment and storage of wastewater generated from household activities. The correct answer highlights three critical processes that occur within a septic tank:

1. Removal of Solids: When wastewater enters a septic tank, the heavier solid waste materials settle to the bottom, forming a sludge layer. This action helps to separate solids from the liquid waste, which is essential in maintaining effective tank function and preventing clogs in the system.

2. Bacterial Action: The septic tank relies on beneficial bacteria to break down organic matter in the sludge. This bacterial action is vital for decomposing solids, reducing their volume, and converting them into simpler substances that can be processed further by the leach field. Effective bacterial action helps in the efficient operation of the septic system and ensures that harmful pathogens are minimized.

3. Sludge and Scum Storage: The tank serves as a temporary storage facility for the solids (sludge) that settle at the bottom and the lighter materials (scum) that float to the surface. This storage is crucial for the overall function of the septic system, as it allows for the gradual breakdown of waste over time and helps prevent the direct discharge of solids into the leach field