What health risks are associated with a malfunctioning septic system?

A malfunctioning septic system primarily poses health risks related to exposure to pathogens and contaminants. When a septic system fails, it can allow untreated sewage and wastewater to seep into the surrounding soil and groundwater. This can lead to the proliferation of harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which are present in human waste. When these pathogens enter drinking water sources or come into direct contact with humans, they can cause a variety of serious illnesses, including gastrointestinal infections and diseases.

Contaminants from a failing septic system can also include nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, which can lead to algal blooms in nearby water bodies. These blooms can produce toxins harmful to humans and wildlife, further emphasizing the health risks associated with a malfunctioning system.

While other options like exposure to chemicals and heavy metals, harmful gases, or radiation might present dangers in different contexts, they are not typically associated with the specific issues arising from malfunctioning septic systems. The most direct and prevalent health impacts relate to the biological hazards posed by pathogens and contaminants in wastewater.