What is the primary function of a septic system?

The primary function of a septic system is to treat and dispose of wastewater from a home or business. Septic systems are designed to manage the byproducts of daily living, such as sewage and greywater, in a manner that protects public health and the environment.

The system typically consists of a septic tank and a drain field. In the septic tank, solid waste settles at the bottom, while the lighter materials float to the top. This separation allows for the breakdown of organic matter by bacteria. The liquid effluent is then allowed to flow into the drain field, where it is further treated by natural processes in the soil before it reenters the groundwater.

Understanding this function highlights the importance of septic systems for effective waste management, ensuring that harmful pathogens and contaminants do not pollute local water sources or harm human health. Other options do not pertain to the role of a septic system. For instance, filtering and purifying drinking water, providing irrigation, or separating solid waste from recyclables pertain to different processes and systems in waste management and resource conservation.